* CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
THEORY
Form
| type | if clause | main clause |
|---|---|---|
| I | Simple Present | will-future (or Modal + infin. or Present Simple or Imperative) |
| II | Simple Past | would + infinitive |
| III | Past Perfect | would + have + past part. |
| Conditional clause | Main clause |
| 1. If + Present Tense | will + inf / present tense / imperative |
|
|
| 2. If + Past Tense | would + inf |
| 3. If + Past Perfect Tense | would have + past participle |
Other expressions used in conditional clauses instead of IF:
|
UNLESS " Si no…" "A menos que..." |
You won't finish the race unless you control your effort. |
|
WHETHER…OR NOT "Tanto….como si no " |
Whether you pay or not, you won't get in without an invitation. |
|
ON CONDITION THAT PROVIDED THAT PROVIDING THAT SO LONG AS AS LONG AS "Siempre que, en tanto que, con la condición de que,...etc ASSUMING THAT SUPPOSING THAT SUPPOSE THAT "Suponiendo que.." |
EXAMPLES
First Conditional (Tipo 1)
-
If Bill studies, he will pass the exam. / Bill will pass the exam if he studies. (Si Bill estudia, aprobará el examen.)
-
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach if it doesn't rain. (Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.)
-
Will you take the train if you miss the bus? / If you miss the bus, will you take the train?(¿Cogerás el tren si pierdes el bus?)
Nota: Se pueden usar algunos verbos modales en vez de "will" para cambiar la probabilidad o expresar una opinión. Para más información, ver la lección sobre los verbos modales.
- Ejemplos:
-
If it doesn't rain, we may go to the beach. [*Con el uso de "may", el significado de esta frase cambia. Ahora, el hablante reconoce que puede ir a la playa pero no esta tan seguro de si irá.]
-
If it doesn't rain we should go to the beach. [*En este caso, el uso de "should" expresa la opinión del hablante.]
-
If it doesn't rain we can go to the beach.["Can" significa que es posible ir a la playa, pero no indica la probabilidad.]
Second Conditional (Tipo 2)
- Ejemplos:
-
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. / I would travel around the world if Iwon the lottery. (Si ganara la lotería, viajaría alrededor del mundo.)
-
If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar. / Rachel would learn to play the guitar if she had more time. (Si Rachel tuviera más tiempo, aprendería a tocar la guitarra.)
-
Would you be happy if you were to get married? / If you were to get married, would you behappy? (¿Estarías feliz si te casaras?)
Nota: Encontramos WERE para la primera persona del singular en lugar de WAS (muy habitual cuando estamos dando un consejo del tipo "si yo fuera tú, no le diría una mentira".
-
If I were you, I would start studying . / I would start studying if I were you. (Si fuera tú, empezaría a estudiar.)
Third Conditional (Tipo 3)
- Ejemplos:
-
If I had known then what I know now, I would have done things differently. / I would have done things differently if I had known then what I know now. (Si hubiera sabido en el pasado lo que sé ahora, hubiera hecho las cosas de manera diferente.)
-
Suzanne wouldn't have had the heart attack if she had gone on a diet as her doctor recommended. / If Suzanne had gone on a diet as her doctor recommended she wouldn't have had the heart attack. (Suzanne no hubiera tenido el infarto si hubiera hecho dieta como su médico le recomendó.)
-
Would you have liked to go to university if you had been able to afford it? / If you had been able to afford it, would you have liked to go to university? (¿Te hubiera gustado ir a la universidad si te lo hubieras permitido pagar?)
LET'S SEE THEM IN CONTEXT
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
